Zoonose n'Ubuhinzi bw'Uruganda: Umubano udashoboka w'umuntu n'inyamaswa n'ingaruka zacyo ku isi

Imikorere igezweho yo guhinga uruganda, izwi kandi cyane cyane mu bworozi bw’amatungo, yashyizeho umubano urambye hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa zifite ingaruka zikomeye, atari ku mibereho y’inyamaswa gusa ahubwo no ku buzima rusange bw’abaturage, ibidukikije, n’ubutabera. Imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye z’ubuzima zikomoka ku buhinzi bw’uruganda ni ukugaragara no gukwirakwiza indwara zonotike, bakunze kwita zoonose. Izi ndwara zandura hagati y’inyamaswa n’abantu, zagiye ziyongera ku isi yose bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abantu benshi, butagira isuku, ndetse n’imihangayiko iboneka mu mirima y’uruganda.

Zoonose ni iki?

Zoonose ni indwara zishobora kwanduza inyamaswa abantu. Zishobora guterwa na bagiteri, virusi, parasite, na fungi, kandi ziva ku ndwara zoroheje kugeza ku bihe bikomeye, byangiza ubuzima. Zimwe mu ndwara zizwi cyane zoonotic zirimo ibicurane by'ibiguruka (ibicurane by'inyoni), ibicurane by'ingurube, igituntu, ibisazi, na SARS (Syndrome de Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Icyorezo cya COVID-19, cyaturutse kuri virusi yanduye inyamaswa ikagera ku bantu, iherutse kwibutsa ingaruka mbi ziterwa na zoonose.

Izi ndwara ntabwo ari ibintu bishya, ariko kwandura kwazo kworoherejwe no kuzamuka kw’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, aho inyamaswa zigumirwa hafi, zikaba zitewe n’ubumuntu, kandi akenshi zishimangirwa, imirire mibi, kandi zidafite ubuzima bwiza. Ibi bihe bituma habaho ibidukikije byiza bitera virusi gutera imbere no kwihindagurika, bikongerera amahirwe yo kwisuka mubantu.

Guhinga Uruganda no Gukwirakwiza Zoonose

Guhinga mu ruganda bikubiyemo korora amatungo menshi ahantu hato, huzuye abantu batitaye ku myitwarire yabo ya kamere cyangwa ibikenerwa mu buzima. Ubusanzwe izo nyamaswa zihabwa antibiyotike na hormone kugirango ziteze imbere kandi birinde indwara mu bihe indwara ikabije. Imikoranire ihoraho hagati yubwoko butandukanye, gufunga inyamaswa mu bihe bidafite isuku, hamwe n’imyanda myinshi yakozwe byose bigira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza indwara zanduza.

Indwara zandura akenshi zikomoka ku mikoranire idashoboka kandi idahwitse hagati yabantu ninyamaswa. Ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zoonotique riterwa no guhuza abantu n’inyamaswa, ingaruka z’ibyorezo by’indwara ziterwa n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, no gukoresha inyamaswa n’abakozi muri ubwo buryo bukomeye bwo korora amatungo.

1. Ibintu byuzuyemo abantu benshi : Imirima yinganda ikunze gutuma inyamaswa ziri mu bucucike budasanzwe, bikongerera amahirwe yo guhura hagati yinyamaswa z’ubwoko butandukanye. Iyi mibonano ya hafi ituma kwanduza byoroshye kwanduza amoko, bishobora noneho guhinduka no guhuza kwanduza abantu.
2. Gukoresha Antibiyotike : Kimwe mu biranga ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa mu nganda ni ugukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike. Mu gihe izo antibiyotike zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira indwara no guteza imbere imikurire, nazo zigira uruhare mu iterambere rya bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, zishobora kuva mu nyamaswa zikagera ku bantu kandi zigatera indwara zidakira.
3. Guhangayikishwa nubuzima bubi : Amatungo yo mumirima yinganda akunze guhura nibibazo bikabije, imibereho mibi, nimirire mibi. Guhangayika bigabanya imbaraga z'umubiri wabo, bigatuma barwara indwara. Byongeye kandi, inyamaswa zitameze neza zishobora kumena virusi zishobora kwanduza abantu nandi matungo.
4. Imyanda n’umwanda : Imirima y’uruganda itanga imyanda myinshi y’inyamaswa, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zicungwa nabi. Ikusanyirizo ry'imyanda ku bwinshi irashobora kwanduza amazi, ubutaka, n'umwuka, bigatera ahantu indwara zishobora gukwirakwira.

Ingaruka ku Isi Indwara Zoonotic

Ikwirakwizwa rya zoonose ku isi ni impungenge zikomeye kuri sisitemu yubuzima rusange ku isi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryemeje ko indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotique ari imwe mu mpungenge z’ubuzima bugaragara, kandi indwara nyinshi zandura ku isi zifite inkomoko ya zoonotic. Urugero, ibicurane by'ibiguruka, ibicurane by'ingurube, n'icyorezo cya COVID-19 biherutse gukekwa ko byose byakomotse ku nyamaswa mbere yo kwisuka ku bantu.

Ingaruka zubukungu ziterwa nindwara zoonotic nazo zirakomeye. Bahungabanya inganda, cyane cyane ubuhinzi n’ubukerarugendo, kandi bagashyiraho igitutu kinini muri gahunda z’ubuzima. Igiciro cyo kurwanya icyorezo, gucunga ibisubizo byubuzima rusange, no gukemura ingaruka ndende zanduza indwara zirashobora kuba inyenyeri.

Zoonose kandi igira ingaruka zitagereranywa ku baturage bahejejwe inyuma, cyane cyane mu baturage binjiza amafaranga make no mu cyaro, aho abantu batuye hafi y’inyamaswa kandi bashobora kutabona ubuvuzi. Muri aba baturage, icyorezo cy’indwara zoonotique kirashobora kwangiza abantu ndetse n’ubukungu bwaho, bikongera ubusumbane buriho kandi biganisha ku buzima bw’igihe kirekire n’ibibazo by’imibereho.

Isano ridasubirwaho ryabantu ninyamaswa

Intandaro yikibazo ni umubano udashoboka hagati yabantu ninyamaswa zatewe nubuhinzi bwuruganda. Iyi sano ishingiye ku gukoreshwa, kugurisha ibicuruzwa, no kutagira impuhwe ku nyamaswa nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire. Icyibandwaho ni ukunguka inyungu binyuze mu nganda nini y’inganda, akenshi byangiza ubuzima bw’inyamaswa, ubuzima bw’abantu, ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda bufata inyamaswa nk'ibicuruzwa gusa, bikurikiza ibihe bibi kugira ngo bitange inyama, amata, n'amagi menshi ashoboka. Iyi mitekerereze itera gusuzugura agaciro kimbere yubuzima n'imibereho myiza yinyamaswa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, indwara zinyamaswa zifatwa nkinzitizi gusa zo gutsinda antibiyotike, aho kuba ikimenyetso cyerekana ko sisitemu ubwayo ifite inenge kandi idashoboka.

Isano iri hagati yubuhinzi bwuruganda, zoonose, no kwangirika kwimibanire yabantu ninyamaswa byerekana ko byihutirwa kongera gutekereza kuri gahunda zubuhinzi nuburyo bwo gutanga ibiribwa. Tugomba gukemura ikibazo cyimyitwarire, ubuzima, n’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’uruganda, cyane cyane ko indwara zoonotike zigenda ziyongera ku buzima bw’isi.

Umuhamagaro wo Guhinduka

Kugira ngo hagabanuke ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zoonotike no gukemura intandaro y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, tugomba guhindura byimazeyo uburyo dukora no kurya ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Hariho ibikorwa byinshi bishobora gufasha gukumira ko habaho zoonose nshya no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda:

1. Mugabanye kurya inyamaswa : Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gukemura ibibazo byo kwandura indwara zoonotique ni ukugabanya ibyo dukoresha ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Muguhindukira tugana ku mafunguro ashingiye ku bimera, turashobora kugabanya ibikenerwa mu buhinzi bw’uruganda hamwe n’imiterere y’abantu benshi, badafite isuku iteza ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara.
2. Kugena no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike : Guverinoma zigomba gushyiraho amategeko akomeye ku ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike mu buhinzi, cyane cyane mu buhinzi bw’uruganda, aho antibiyotike zikoreshwa cyane mu gukumira indwara no guteza imbere iterambere. Ibi byafasha kugabanya iterambere rya bagiteri irwanya antibiyotike kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara zoonotic.
3. Gushimangira gahunda z’ubuzima rusange : Guverinoma zigomba gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo by’ubuzima rusange kugira ngo zikurikirane, zimenyekanishe, kandi zirwanye indwara zonotike. Kumenya hakiri kare no gusubiza byihuse nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde icyorezo kuba icyorezo cyisi.
4. Kwigisha no kunganira impinduka : Ubukangurambaga mu burezi rusange bushobora gukangurira abantu kumenya isano iri hagati y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, indwara zoonotike, n’ubuzima rusange. Kunganira impinduka za politiki mu nzego z'ibanze, iz'igihugu, ndetse n’amahanga birashobora gufasha gushyiraho gahunda y'ibiribwa ifite ubuzima bwiza, burambye, kandi budakunze kwibasirwa n'indwara.

Umwanzuro

Zoonose iributsa rwose akaga gaterwa numubano wacu udashira ninyamaswa, cyane cyane mubuhinzi bwuruganda. Imiterere yorohereza ikwirakwizwa ry’izi ndwara ntabwo yangiza inyamaswa gusa ahubwo inatera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu, cyane cyane mu baturage bahejejwe inyuma. Kugira ngo turinde ubuzima rusange n’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, tugomba guhangana n’intandaro y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, tugahindura ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi burambye kandi bw’ikiremwamuntu, kandi tugabanya kwishingikiriza ku buhinzi bw’amatungo. Mugukora ibyo, dushobora kubaka ejo hazaza heza, harambye kubantu ndetse ninyamaswa.