Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora ibikomoka ku matungo menshi nk'inyama, amata, n'amagi. Mu gihe yemeye gukora umusaruro mwinshi w’ibiribwa bihendutse, yaje gukurikiranwa kubera ingaruka mbi zayo ku bidukikije n’imibereho y’inyamaswa. Nyamara, ingaruka zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubuzima bwabantu akenshi zarirengagijwe. Iri sesengura rinini rigamije gusuzuma uburyo butandukanye ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu, haba mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Kuva ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike na hormone kugeza aho indwara zishobora gukwirakwira, iyi ngingo izasesengura ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gukoresha ibicuruzwa biva mu murima w’uruganda. Byongeye kandi, izasesengura imyitwarire n’imyitwarire y’inganda ningaruka zayo ku buzima bwabantu. Hamwe ninganda zubuhinzi, ni ngombwa kumva ingaruka zishobora guterwa nubu buryo bwo gutanga ibiribwa bushobora kugira ku mibereho yacu. Mugusesengura neza ingaruka zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubuzima bwabantu, turashobora gusobanukirwa neza ningaruka ndende kandi tugafata ibyemezo byuzuye kubijyanye no guhitamo ibiryo.
Umusaruro rusange uganisha ku kwanduza
Imwe mu mpungenge zikomeye zijyanye n’umusaruro mwinshi mu nganda zitandukanye ni amahirwe yo kwanduza. Iki kibazo kivuka kubera ibintu byinshi, harimo ingamba zidahagije zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, ibidukikije by’isuku, no gukoresha imiti yangiza. Iyo ibicuruzwa bikozwe ku rugero runini, hari ibyago byinshi byo kwandura bibaho mugihe cyibikorwa, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwabantu. Ibicuruzwa byanduye birashobora kwinjira ku isoko bikagera ku baguzi, biganisha ku bibazo bitandukanye by’ubuzima, uhereye ku ndwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa kugeza ku ngaruka mbi ziterwa no guhura n’ibintu bifite uburozi. Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko inganda zishyira imbere protocole igoye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda mu gihe cyo kubyara umusaruro. Nubikora, barashobora kurinda ubuzima rusange no gutera abaguzi ikizere kubicuruzwa bakora.
Gukoresha imiti bitera ingaruka ku buzima
Gukoresha imiti mu nganda zinyuranye bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku bakozi ndetse no ku baguzi. Imiti ikoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa byo gukora, ubuhinzi, ndetse no mubicuruzwa bya buri munsi dukoresha, nkibikoresho byogusukura nibintu byita kumuntu. Nyamara, inyinshi muri iyo miti yagiye ihura n’ingaruka mbi ku buzima, harimo ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, allergie, guhagarika imisemburo, ndetse na kanseri. Guhura nibi bintu byangiza bishobora kubaho binyuze muburyo butaziguye, guhumeka umwotsi, cyangwa kuribwa, kandi ingaruka zirashobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi zikomeye. Ni ngombwa ko inganda zishyira imbere gukoresha ubundi buryo butekanye, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gufata neza no guhunika, no gutanga ingamba zihagije zo kurinda abakozi kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka z’ubuzima ziterwa no gukoresha imiti. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba kumenyeshwa no guhabwa imbaraga zo guhitamo amakuru ku bicuruzwa baguze, bagahitamo ibishyira imbere umutekano no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti ishobora kwangiza. Mugukemura ibyo bibazo, dushobora kurinda ubuzima bwabantu no gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza kuri bose.
Kubura ubudasa bitera indwara
Kubura ubudasa mubantu birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima muri rusange no kwandura indwara. Imiterere yacu ya genetike igira uruhare runini mukumenya kwandura indwara zitandukanye, kandi kutagira ubwoko butandukanye bishobora gutuma abaturage bahura nibibazo byubuzima. Mu baturage batandukanye, abantu bitwaza ubwoko butandukanye bwubwoko bushobora kurinda indwara zihariye. Nyamara, mubaturage bafite amoko atandukanye atandukanye, amahirwe yo guhura n’ingirabuzima fatizo aragenda yiyongera, bigatanga inzira yo gukwirakwiza no kwandura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane cyane mubantu bake, bonyine cyangwa abaturage aho usanga ubwoko butandukanye butandukanye. Mu kwemeza akamaro ko gutandukanya amoko no guteza imbere abaturage batandukanye, turashobora kwihatira kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nindwara zimwe na zimwe no kuzamura umusaruro rusange w’ubuzima ku baturage ku isi.
Antibiyotike irwanya kwiyongera
Kugaragara no gukwirakwizwa kwa antibiyotike birwanya iterabwoba rikomeye ku buzima rusange bw’isi. Antibiyotike, iyo imaze gufatwa nk'imiti itangaje, itakaza imbaraga zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Iri zamuka ry’imiti irwanya antibiyotike rishobora guterwa nimpamvu nyinshi, zirimo gukoresha cyane no gukoresha nabi antibiyotike mu nzego z’abantu n’inyamaswa. Mu rwego rwo guhinga uruganda, gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike nkiterambere ryiterambere ryamatungo bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya bagiteri zidakira. Izi bagiteri zirashobora kwanduza abantu binyuze muburyo butaziguye, kurya ibiryo byanduye, cyangwa ibidukikije. Ubwiyongere bw'indwara zanduza antibiyotike ntabwo buteza ibibazo gusa mu kuvura indwara zisanzwe ahubwo binongera amafaranga yo kwivuza kandi biteza ibyago byo kwandura indwara zitavuwe mu gihe kiri imbere. Imbaraga zo kurwanya antibiyotike zisaba uburyo bwuzuye, harimo gukoresha ubushishozi antibiyotike mu nzego z’ubuzima bw’abantu n’inyamaswa, kunoza ingamba zo kugenzura no kurwanya indwara, no gushyiraho antibiyotike nshya n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Ni ngombwa gukemura ikibazo cyo kurwanya antibiyotike ku isi hose mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abantu no kubungabunga imikorere y’imiti ikiza ubuzima.
Ibyongeweho byangiza bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwabaguzi
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko inyongeramusaruro zangiza zikoreshwa mu gutanga ibiribwa zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abaguzi. Izi nyongeramusaruro, zirimo ibintu birinda ibintu, uburyohe bwa artile, hamwe namabara, bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kongera uburyohe, isura, hamwe nubuzima bwibiribwa bitunganijwe. Nyamara, ibyo bakoresha byajyanye nibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima nka allergie, hyperactivite, ndetse nigihe kirekire nka kanseri. Gukoresha cyane izo nyongeramusaruro mu nganda z’ibiribwa bitera impungenge ku ngaruka zishobora guteza abaguzi, cyane cyane iyo zikoreshejwe buri gihe mu gihe kirekire. Mugihe abaguzi barushijeho kumenya akamaro k’imirire myiza, ni ngombwa gukemura ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro zangiza kandi dushyire imbere guteza imbere uburyo bw’ibiribwa karemano kandi bifite intungamubiri mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ubuzima rusange.
Intungamubiri nke mubicuruzwa
Imwe mu mpungenge zikomeye zijyanye n'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda ni intungamubiri nke ziboneka mu bicuruzwa byinshi. Uburyo bwo guhinga uruganda akenshi bushyira imbere inyungu ninyungu kuruta agaciro kintungamubiri yibiribwa byakozwe. Inyamaswa zororerwa mubihe bigoye kandi bitesha umutwe akenshi zigaburirwa ibiryo bihendutse kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, bikabura intungamubiri zingenzi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha antibiyotike na hormone zo gukura bikomeza guhungabanya agaciro kintungamubiri yibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaguzi barashobora kurya batabizi inyama, amata, n amagi abura vitamine zikomeye, imyunyu ngugu, na antioxydants ikenewe kugirango ubuzima bwiza bugerweho. Iyi defisit mu ntungamubiri zirashobora kugira ingaruka ndende kubuzima bwabantu, harimo ibyago byinshi byindwara zidakira nkumubyibuho ukabije, diyabete, nuburwayi bwumutima. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ni ngombwa ko abaguzi bamenya ikibazo cy’imirire ishobora guterwa n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku ruganda kandi bagatekereza guhitamo ibiryo bikomoka ku buryo burambye kandi bushingiye ku moko bushyira imbere agaciro k’imirire.
Kongera ibyago byindwara ziterwa nibiribwa
Uburyo bwo guhinga uruganda nabwo bugira uruhare mu kongera ibyago byindwara ziterwa nibiribwa. Imiterere yuzuye kandi idafite isuku aho inyamaswa zororerwa zitanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukwirakwiza za bagiteri zangiza nka Salmonella, E. coli, na Campylobacter. Izi virusi zishobora kwanduza inyama, amagi, n’ibikomoka ku mata, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha antibiyotike mu buhinzi bw’uruganda birashobora gutuma habaho iterambere rya antibiyotike irwanya antibiyotike, bigatuma bigorana no kuvura no kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa. Kutagira amabwiriza akwiye no kugenzurwa mu nganda byongera ibibazo, kubera ko ibicuruzwa byanduye bidashobora kumenyekana no kuvanwa ku isoko mu gihe gikwiye. Ni ngombwa gukemura ikibazo cy’indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa zijyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abaturage no gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zishobora guhitana ubuzima.
Guhumanya ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabantu
Ingaruka mbi z’umwanda w’ibidukikije ku buzima bw’abantu ntizishobora kuvugwa. Guhura n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, amazi, nubutaka birashobora gukurura ibibazo byinshi byubuzima, uhereye kubibazo byubuhumekero kugeza indwara zifata ubwonko ndetse na kanseri. Ihumana ry’ikirere, riterwa n’ibyuka biva mu nganda, ibinyabiziga, n’andi masoko, birashobora kwangiza imiterere y’ubuhumekero isanzwe nka asima na bronhite, kandi bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zifata umutima. Guhumanya amazi, guturuka ku myanda yo mu nganda no gutemba mu buhinzi, birashobora kwanduza amasoko y'amazi yo kunywa kandi bigatera indwara zo mu gifu n'indwara ziterwa n'amazi. Byongeye kandi, kwanduza ubutaka, akenshi biterwa no kujugunya nabi imyanda ishobora guteza akaga, birashobora kwanduza ibihingwa kandi bikagira uruhare mu kuba hari uburozi mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa. Ingaruka z’umwanda w’ibidukikije ku buzima bw’abantu n’impungenge zikomeye zisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa n’ingamba zuzuye zo kugabanya ingaruka zabyo.
Ingaruka mbi kubaturage
Kuba hari imirima yinganda mubaturage birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi mubuzima butandukanye bwabaturage. Imwe mu ngaruka zigaragara ni ugutesha agaciro ikirere. Imirima y'uruganda irekura imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere nka ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hamwe n’ibintu byangiza mu kirere gikikije. Ibyo bihumanya bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuhumekero kandi bikongera ibibazo byubuhumekero bihari mubaturage. Impumuro mbi itangwa nimirima yinganda irashobora kandi gutuma habaho ubuzima budashimishije, bikagira ingaruka kumibereho yabatuye hafi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha cyane antibiyotike na hormone zo gukura mu buhinzi bw’uruganda birashobora gutuma havuka bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, bikabangamira ubuzima rusange. Ingaruka mbi ku baturage baho kubera ubuhinzi bw’uruganda zigaragaza ko hakenewe ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bifite inshingano kandi birambye bishyira imbere imibereho myiza y’abantu n’ibidukikije.
Akamaro k'ubuhinzi burambye
Uburyo bwo guhinga burambye bugira uruhare runini mugukemura ingaruka mbi zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubuzima bwabantu nibidukikije. Mu gukoresha uburyo bwo guhinga burambye, nk'ubuhinzi-mwimerere, ubuhinzi bushya, no guhinduranya ibihingwa, abahinzi barashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yangiza, kugabanya iyangirika ry’ubutaka, no guteza imbere urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Iyi myitozo ntabwo izamura gusa imirire yibiribwa byakozwe ahubwo inarinda ubuzima bwabaguzi. Ubuhinzi burambye bushimangira kandi gufata neza inyamaswa, birinda ubucucike n’imiterere ihangayikishije cyane mu mirima y’uruganda. Mugushira imbere ibikorwa byubuhinzi burambye, turashobora kurengera ubuzima bwacu, guteza imbere kwita kubidukikije, no kwemeza ejo hazaza heza kubisekuruza bizaza.
Mu gusoza, biragaragara ko ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugira ingaruka mbi mubuzima bwabantu. Uhereye ku gukoresha cyane antibiyotike biganisha ku mikurire ya bagiteri irwanya antibiyotike, kugeza kwanduza no kwanduza ikirere n'amazi yacu, biragaragara ko umusaruro w’inganda w’inyama n’ibindi bikomoka ku nyamaswa bifite ingaruka zikomeye. Nkabaguzi, ni ngombwa kwiyigisha no guhitamo ibyokurya dukoresha kugirango tutazamura ubuzima bwacu gusa, ahubwo tunatezimbere imikorere irambye kandi yimyitwarire mubiribwa. Igihe kirageze cyo kongera gutekereza ku buhinzi bw’uruganda no gushakisha ubundi buryo, burambye bwo kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa hagamijwe kuzamura ubuzima bwacu n’ubuzima bw’isi.
Ibibazo
Nigute ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugira uruhare mukwirakwiza antibiyotike kandi ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima bwabantu?
Ubworozi bw'uruganda bugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza antibiyotike mu kurwanya buri gihe antibiyotike ku nyamaswa kugira ngo ziteze imbere kandi birinde indwara mu bihe byinshi kandi bidafite isuku. Iyi myitozo ituma bagiteri itera kurwanya iyi miti, ishobora noneho kwimurirwa mu bantu binyuze mu kurya inyama zanduye cyangwa binyuze mu kwanduza ibidukikije. Ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku buzima bwa muntu zirimo kongera ingorane zo kuvura indwara zisanzwe, umubare munini w'impfu, ndetse no kongera amafaranga yo kwivuza. Byongeye kandi, ikwirakwizwa rya antibiyotike irwanya indwara irashobora gutuma havuka udukoko twinshi, turwanya antibiyotike nyinshi kandi bikaba byangiza ubuzima rusange.
Ni izihe ngaruka nyamukuru z’ubuzima zijyanye no kurya inyama n’ibikomoka ku mata bikomoka ku nyamaswa zororerwa mu mirima y’uruganda?
Kurya inyama n’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa zororerwa mu mirima y’uruganda birashobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku buzima. Ubwa mbere, inyamaswa akenshi zihabwa antibiyotike kugirango birinde indwara, zishobora gutuma antibiyotike irwanya abantu. Icya kabiri, inyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda zishobora kugaburirwa ibihingwa byahinduwe, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabantu. Byongeye kandi, ibinure byinshi byuzuye hamwe na cholesterol iboneka mu nyama n’ibikomoka ku mata biva mu mirima y’uruganda bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima. Ubuhinzi bukomeye bushobora kandi kuviramo kwanduza inyama n’ibikomoka ku mata hamwe na bagiteri zangiza, nka E. coli na Salmonella, zishobora gutera indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa.
Nigute gukoresha imisemburo ikura nibindi byongera mubuhinzi bwuruganda bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwabantu?
Gukoresha imisemburo ikura nibindi byongera mubuhinzi bwuruganda birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwabantu. Iyi miti irashobora kwirundanyiriza mu nyama, amata, n'amagi yakozwe n’inyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda kandi bishobora guteza ingaruka ku baguzi. Ubushakashatsi bwahujije ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibyago byinshi by’ubuzima, harimo kutagira imisemburo ya hormone, kurwanya antibiyotike, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, nk’ubucucike bukabije n’imiterere y’isuku, burashobora kugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa kumenya izi ngaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima no gutekereza ku bundi buryo, burambye bw’ibiribwa.
Haba hari ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku buzima ku bakozi bo mu mirima y'uruganda, nk'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero cyangwa guhura n'imiti yangiza?
Nibyo, abakozi mumirima yinganda barashobora guhura nigihe kirekire cyubuzima, harimo ibibazo byubuhumekero no guhura n’imiti yangiza. Imiterere ifunze kandi yuzuye muri iyi mirima irashobora gutuma umukungugu wiyongera, ammoniya, hamwe n’indi myanda ihumanya ikirere, ishobora kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’ubuhumekero nka asima na bronhite idakira. Byongeye kandi, abakozi bashobora guhura n’imiti itandukanye ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo korora inyamaswa, nka pesticide, antibiotique, na disinfectant, zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwabo. Imirimo isubirwamo kandi isaba umubiri mubikorwa byubuhinzi bwuruganda birashobora kandi gutera indwara yimitsi no gukomeretsa abakozi.
Ni ubuhe buryo bumwe bwo gukemura cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhinga uruganda bushobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku buzima ku bantu?
Bimwe mu bisubizo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhinga uruganda rushobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku buzima ku bantu harimo guteza imbere no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi-mwimerere, gushishikariza ubuhinzi bw’ibanze kandi burambye, gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imibereho y’inyamaswa n’umutekano w’ibiribwa, guteza imbere indyo y’ibihingwa no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inyama, no gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine nk’inyama zishingiye ku muco cyangwa ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera. Byongeye kandi, gushyigikira gahunda ntoya y’ubuhinzi, itandukanye, guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bushya, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubuhinzi ku meza na byo bishobora kugira uruhare mu kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa no gukoresha neza.
